Halikarnaso mauzoliejus – dabartinis Bodrumas, Turkija
Penktas pasaulio stebuklas
Halikarnaso mauzoliejus, norite dar vieno stebuklo?
Dar vienas ir nepakartojamas objektas įtrauktas į septinių pasaulio stebuklų sąrašą – Halikarnaso mauzoliejus, kuris stovėjo Mažojoje Azijoje, o dabar vadinamas Bodrumu, Turkijoje.
Halikarnaso mauzoliejus
Iš kur atsirado pavadinimas mauzoliejus?
Kas kitas jei ne veldavai ar jų žmonos gali inicijuoti panašių objektų statybas. Taip, šį kartą, Mauzoliejų, savo vyrui pastatė Persų imperijos Karijos Mauzolo žmona Artemisija ir suprantama, kad po vyro mirties. Mauzolas valdė 377-353 m. pr. m. e., o statybos buvo baigtos 351 m. pr. m. e. vieneriais metais vėliau, po Artemisijos mirties, kuri tai pat buvo palaidota Mauzoliejuje šalia Mauzolo. O kas gi nenori ir nelaukia tokios lemties?
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Kaip atrodė Mauzoliejaus, paklausite?
Platforma, antkapis ir stogas – tai ką sukūrė Graikų architektai Satyras ir Pitijas. Statinio aukštis buvo apie 45 metrus aukščio ir galima tik įsivaizduoti, kaip įspūdingai jis atrodė. Pigios keliones metus, gidas Jums papasakos visas subtilybes ir nepaprastą legendą apie Halikarnaso mauzoliejų.
Pats mauzoliejus buvo pastatytas kalno viršukalnėje. Statybos prasidėjo nuo pagrindinės detalės, didelės platformos išpuoštos dideliais akmens liūtais, į kurios viršūnę buvo galima nusigauti tik laiptų pagalba. Žinoma, kaip Mauzoliejus be palydos. Pačią platformą supo graikų skulptorių Timočio, skopo, Briakso ir Laocharo darbai – dievai ir deivės bei raitų karių skulptūros.
Platforma laikė kvadrato formos antkapį, kuris buvo pagamintas iš marmuro. Šią Mauzoliejaus detalę puošė daugybė reljefų, kuriuose buvo vaizdingai išskaptuotos graikų mitologijos bei istorinės scenos. Patį Mauzoliejaus stogą papuošė keturi žirgai, kurie tempė kovos vežimą ir kurio vadžiais bei valdymą savo rankose laikė pora: Mauzolas ir jo mylimoji žmona Artemisija. Šis meno kūrinys vadinamas kvadriga.
Įdomu koks buvo pačio Mauzoliejaus likimas?
Jis prastovėjo dar apie 16 šimtmečių ir kaip tvirtina istorikai, išsilaikė gerokai ilgiau nei pats miestas. Daugeliui žinomas žemės drebėjimas, kuris įvyko XII amžiuje, labai pakenkė pačiam statiniui ir jį apgriovė. Taigi, iki 15 amžiaus pradžios, būti telikę tik pačio pamato fragmentai. Iš Mauzoliejaus neliko nieko.
Maltos ordinas, XV-XVI amžiaus pradžioje, Halikarnaso mauzoliejaus liekanas panaudojo tvirtovės statyboms, ji buvo įvardintas – Budrumas. Net iki šių dienų, minėtoje tvirtovėje galima įžvelgti šlifuoto marmuro luitų, kurios taip ir šviečiasi sienose. Kai kurios Mauzoliejaus skulptūros iki šiol yra saugomos Britų muziejuje, o kadaise, puošė Bodrumo tvirtovę. Jas galima pamatyti pigios keliones į Angliją metu, todėl nieko nepraradę, atrasite labai daug istorijos.
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